Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among physicians: a comparative study of surgical and medical specialties in Egypt.

BACKGROUND: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) are a major occupational health concern among physicians and may negatively affect well-being and productivity. AIM: This study assessed the 12-month prevalence of WRMDs and identified associated factors among physicians in a tertiary care hospital in Tanta City, Egypt. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2026 among 980 randomly selected physicians at Tanta University Hospitals. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported ergonomic hazards, job-related factors, and the standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi-square and independent t-tests, followed by multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors of WRMDs. RESULTS: Neck and lower back pain were the most frequently reported musculoskeletal complaints during the previous 12 months. Surgical physicians had significantly higher prevalence of neck pain (74.1% vs. 67.2%, P = .02) and wrist/hand symptoms (41.7% vs. 34.1%, P = .02), while ankle/foot symptoms were more common among medical physicians (32.7% vs. 26.6%, P = .04). Lower back pain was the leading complaint associated with activity limitation (35.0%) and physician visits (25.4%). Sex, anthropometric characteristics, shift type, working hours, and regular sports participation were significant predictors of WRMDs. Surgical physicians also reported greater exposure to ergonomic and occupational risk factors. CONCLUSION: WRMDs were highly prevalent among physicians and associated with both occupational and individual factors. Targeted ergonomic and workplace interventions are needed, particularly for high-risk specialties.