Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P10 alleviates hyperuricemia-induced inflammation in mice by modulating gut microbiota and histidine metabolism.

Hyperuricaemia is a common chronic metabolic disorder characterised by urate crystal deposition and systemic inflammation. Lactic acid bacteria have been demonstrated to exert probiotic effects against hyperuricaemia. This study investigated the probiotic effects and potential mechanisms of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P10 in a murine hyperuricaemic model. The results showed that L. plantarum P10 significantly reduced serum uric acid levels, inhibited xanthine oxidase activity, and decreased the activity of hepatic function markers, including aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, as well as the levels of renal function markers, including creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Notably, these functional improvements were accompanied by alleviated histopathological inflammatory lesions in the liver and kidney, together with reduced levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α. Further investigation revealed that L. plantarum P10 modulated renal expression of the urate transporters ABCG2 and GLUT9, promoting uric acid excretion. Moreover, multi-omics analyses indicated that L. plantarum P10 enriched the relative abundance of Lactobacillus johnsonii and Limosilactobacillus reuteri, ameliorated gut dysbiosis, and altered the histidine pathway. In conclusion, L. plantarum P10 alleviates urate overload-induced renal injury and inflammation by modulating gut microbiota and histidine metabolism, offering potent urate-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and renoprotective benefits for hyperuricaemia intervention.