Chao Chen, Jialin Yu, Qiuhan Yang
Based on the morphological characters of the worker caste, a taxonomic study of the ant genus Polyrhachis Smith 1857 from China was conducted. Two new species, Polyrhachis (Myrma) aureodorsalis, sp. nov. and Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) mangensis, sp. nov. are described from Fujian and Yunnan Provinces, respectively. Detailed descriptions and high-resolution images for the new species are provided. Identification keys to the known Chinese species of the subgenera Myrma Billberg 1820 and Myrmhopla Forel 1915 are presented based on the worker caste. The ecological significance and potential morphological adaptations of the new species are briefly discussed.