Aztreonam-Avibactam Successfully Treated Severe Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Infection After Allogeneic Transplantation: A Case Report and Literature Reviews.

BACKGROUND: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is rare and dangerous, especially bloodstream infection, with an extremely high mortality rate. CASE PRESENTATION: In this study, we present a case of acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia developed Stenotrophomonas maltophilia sepsis on the 8th day after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, accompanied by severe infections of the skin and soft tissues, pharynx, and gastrointestinal tract. After anti-infective treatment with aztreonam-avibactam, the patient's infection was effectively controlled. Neutrophil engraftment occurred on day 19 and platelet engraftment on day 30 post-transplantation. The patient was smoothly transferred from the transplant ward to a general ward. CONCLUSION: Aztreonam-avibactam may have a very good clinical effect on patients with severe and multi-site Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections.