An artificial synapse capable of regulating signal transmission speed in a neuromorphic network

Abstract The regulation of signal transmission speed is one of the most important capabilities of the biological nervous system. This study explores the mechanisms and methods for regulating signal transmission speed among nonmyelinated neurons within the same brain region, starting from spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) of synapses. Building upon the Hodgkin–Huxley model, the dynamic behavior of synapses is incorporated, and the adaptive growth neuron (AGN) model is proposed. Artificial synaptic structures and neuronal physical nodes are also designed. The artificial synaptic structure exhibits unidirectionality, memory capacity, and STDP, enabling it to connect neuronal physical nodes through branching and merging structures. Furthermore, the artificial synapse can adjust signal transmission speed, regulate functional competition between different regions of the neuromorphic network, and promote information interaction. The findings of this study endow neuromorphic networks with the ability to regulate signal transmission speed over the long term, providing new insights into the development of neuromorphic networks.