Insight into dynamic magnetic hysteresis behaviors of the ferromagnetic Fe ₃ GeTe ₂ -like monolayer

Abstract This study employs Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the magnetic properties of a ferromagnetic mixed-spin (3/2, 5/2, 1) Fe 3 GeTe 2 -like monolayer under a time-dependent magnetic field, including detailed evaluation of the hysteresis loop and instantaneous magnetization, as well as changes in hysteresis loop area under different parameters. Discover the existence of asymmetric hysteresis loops. Furthermore, The area of the hysteresis loop decreases as the exchange coupling increases, while it first increases and then decreases as the absolute value of the crystal fields increases.