Prevalence, type, and clinical implications of CFTR variants in bronchiectasis

Background and objective Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition characterised by persistent respiratory symptoms and permanent bronchial dilation. CFTR variants are commonly reported in patients with bronchiectasis with unclear clinical implications.This study aims to investigate the prevalence of CFTR variants in people with bronchiectasis and their association with clinical characteristics.Methods Patients were recruited from two centres in Milan, Italy and screened for CFTR variants. The prevalence of CFTR variants in people with bronchiectasis was compared to that of a control group of healthy blood donors. Sweat chloride levels, pulmonary function tests, airway microbiology, disease severity and respiratory symptoms were compared between CFTR variant carriers and non-carriers.Results The study included 454 adults with bronchiectasis and 250 individuals in the control group. Among those with bronchiectasis, 178 individuals (39.2%) carried at least one CFTR variant, with 41 (9.0%) identified as having a CF-causing variant. This prevalence was higher than that observed in the control group (n = 10, 4%). The odds ratio of carrying a CF-causing variant among bronchiectasis patients was 2.83 (95% CI: 1.39–5.79, p = 0.004). No significant association was found between CFTR carrier status and clinical outcomes.Conclusions CFTR variants are frequently observed in patients with bronchiectasis, although they are not associated with increased disease severity.