Asmatanzeem Bepari, Muthuraj Rudrappa, Shivanand Rathod, Shaik Kalimulla Niazi, Navin Kumar Devaraj, Sreenivasa Nayaka
The current study reports the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Indigofera linnaei Ali and investigates their multifunctional therapeutic potential. The synthesized Indigofera linnaei Ali AgNPs (IL-AgNPs) were characterized by multiple techniques: UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed formation with a peak at 416 nm; FTIR elucidated phytochemicals responsible for reduction and stabilization. Morphological analysis via AFM and SEM revealed spherical to polymorphic structures, while EDX confirmed elemental silver. XRD analysis indicated a crystalline nature, and TGA showed thermal stability. Zeta potential (−28.5 mV) and DLS (90.1 nm) indicated good colloidal stability. The AgNPs exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, including efficacy against Sclerotium rolfsii. Notably, they showed anticancer activity against HT-29 colon cancer cells (IC50: 32.69 µg/mL), validated by flow cytometry. Anti-diabetic activity was demonstrated through inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and glucose uptake. Additionally, the nanoparticles stabilized HRBC membranes and inhibited protein denaturation, confirming anti-inflammatory properties. These findings highlight the therapeutic promise of I. linnaei-mediated AgNPs for biomedical applications.