Characterization and assessment of energy and carbon associated with recycling of demolished brick masonry for the development of sustainable construction materials

Construction industry is at the forefront in advancing infrastructure, resulting in increased demand for construction materials, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions. On the other hand, a significant amount of construction and demolition waste (CDW) is generated annually with marked variation in quantification, composition, and disposal. Recycled CDW is being explored in various construction materials such as concrete and mortar. However, issues related to quantification, composition, and efficient recycling approaches need a detailed evaluation in the development of sustainable construction materials. Thus, the current study evaluates quantity, composition and characteristics of CDW generated from nine local demolition sites, potential of recycling and development of sustainable masonry units. Characterization of CDW was investigated as per the Indian Standard code of practice. The results indicated major component of waste was demolished brick masonry waste (DBM). Sand-sized fraction in DBM was of the order of 58.5–84.5%, indicating its potential as an alternate construction material. Recycling of masonry walls resulted in significant savings in Embodied Energy (EE) and Embodied Carbon (EC). DBM-based masonry units exhibited net savings in EE and EC of 52–62% and 13–32%, respectively, compared to conventional units. Utilization of DBM results in energy-efficient and low-carbon construction resources, promoting sustainability in the built environment.