Generation Z’s attitudes and behavior in the context of the Islamic education curriculum: religiosity, environmental concern, traffic compliance and smoking habits

This study demonstrates that higher levels of Islamic education do not inherently foster environmental awareness, health consciousness, legal compliance, or religiosity. The findings highlight the theoretical need for curriculum design to be reinforced by parental and governmental supervision, while practically emphasizing participatory learning, digital media engagement, and collaboration with families and communities. By integrating these strategies, the research contributes to curriculum reform, advancing both theory and practice in strengthening civic responsibility, ethical awareness, and holistic character formation within Islamic education.