Designing homes and robots for co-existence: a universal approach to assisted living for older adults.

PURPOSE: This study presents a systematic framework for integrating domestic robots into home environments to support older adults (OAs) with instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). As many OAs strive to find ways to maintain independence despite health-related challenges, existing assistive robots often struggle in unstructured, everyday home settings. To address this issue, this study proposes an integrated, environment-centred approach that enables more effective robot assistance through universal design principles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Surveys with OAs and allied healthcare professionals identified the IADLs and movement patterns that are most challenging for OAs, as well as preferred features in assistive robots. These insights informed the concurrent design and development of demonstrative physical prototypes of a modified home environment and of a compatible assistive robot. Environmental adaptations, such as mounted dispensers, custom utensil handles, and redesigned drawers, were implemented to reduce robot complexity while enabling essential tasks.Results: The co-design approach demonstrated that environmental modifications can significantly simplify robot requirements without compromising functionality. The new, low-dexterity robot successfully performed critical tasks such as carrying items, pouring liquids, and opening containers. The findings highlight that strategically designed environments enhance robot performance, usability, and reliability in daily living activities. CONCLUSION: An integrated, environment-centred design framework can make assistive robots more practical, effective, and scalable for OAs. By aligning home modifications with robotic capabilities, this approach promotes greater independence and improves quality of life, providing a foundation for more functional and accessible robot-assisted living solutions.