Decade review of modular construction systems in the building and construction industry: research trends toward the development and utilisation of timber materials within the context of a circular economy

The purpose of this study was to systematically map and synthesise global research trends in modular construction, with specific attention to the emerging role of engineered timber within a circular economy context. A comprehensive bibliometric and systematic review of literature published between 2015 and 2025 was conducted, analysing 2662 publications. Findings show that modular construction research has historically centred on steel and concrete due to their maturity and established design standards; however, recent literature demonstrates a clear shift toward renewable, low-carbon, and resource-efficient materials. Engineered timber products, including cross-laminated timber (CLT), laminated veneer lumber (LVL), glued-laminated timber (glulam), and structural insulated panels (SIPs), are increasingly recognised for their favourable strength-to-weight performance, reduced embodied emissions, and compatibility with off-site prefabrication. CLT dominates current research owing to its versatility in mid – to high-rise modular applications, while LVL and glulam contribute to structural optimisation in hybrid systems, whilst SIPs support rapid assembly and improved thermal efficiency. Despite these advantages, adoption barriers persist, including regulatory constraints, logistical complexity, and higher upfront costs. The review paper identifies key research gaps in hybrid structural design, long-term durability, fire performance, and life-cycle assessment. Engineered timber is positioned as a critical enabler of low-carbon and resilient next-generation modular construction.