Assessing mediating effect of supply chain agility and integration in green supply chain management practices and sustainable performance of manufacturing firm

Sustainability is crucial in modern supply chains, necessitating agility and integration for enhancing environmental initiatives. Agility allows businesses to adapt quickly to sustainability challenges, while integration promotes effective information flow among partners to maintain green practices. Despite the increasing importance of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), research on the interplay between Supply Chain Agility (SCA) and Supply Chain Integration (SCI) is limited. This study explores supply chain relationships and information flows, highlighting their interactions and how they can optimize supply chains for sustainability, flexibility, and integration. A questionnaire with 40 items was created and pilot tested with academics and practitioners to ensure reliability. Using structural equation modeling, the study analyzed surveys from 403 manufacturing firms in north India which showed that GSCM positively influences sustainability performance (SP), with SCA and SCI acting as significant partial mediators (0.894, p<0.001). These findings expands Resource-Based View by demonstrating that SCA and SCI enhance sustainability performance, and supports Stakeholder Theory by illustrating how integrated supply chain practices create stakeholder value. The study empirically confirms the roles of SCA and SCI in mediating SP, providing practical insights for managers and policymakers focused on maximizing supply chain sustainability, agility, and integration for a sustainable world.