Balancing Efficiency and Accuracy in Multi-Pair Color Matching Experiment for Cone Fundamental Reconstruction

Cone fundamentals can be derived from multiple pairs of color-matching experiments using light sources with varying peak wavelengths. While more matching pairs generally improve the accuracy of LMS reconstruction, they also increase experimental duration. This study addresses the challenge of improving experimental efficiency in color matching while maintaining the accuracy of LMS reconstruction. By introducing the overlap range ratio (ORR) as a metric to evaluate reconstruction performance, we systematically analyzed the effects of matching types, initial color configurations, and the number of matching pairs on the reconstruction accuracy. The results demonstrate that combining Moreland and White matching types yields superior LMS reconstruction performance. Additionally, using different initial color configurations within a certain matching type significantly enhances reconstruction accuracy, while variations in color ratios have no significant impact. Moreover, the minimum number of experiments required depends on the required reconstruction accuracy; for example, achieving an ORR > 0.8 requires at least 10 experiments. The findings provide valuable insights for optimizing LMS reconstruction experiments, balancing efficiency and accuracy, and have significant implications for the clinical application of multi-color pair matching in future color vision assessment experiments.