Leveraging ChatGPT in inquiry-based learning: effects of generated personalized prompts on self-reflection

Self-reflection is a crucial bridge that connects learning experiences with knowledge construction, and it plays a vital role in enhancing higher-order thinking. This study developed a personalized reflective system that integrates generative AI, called Reflective GPT (RGPT), to investigate its effects on students’ learning outcomes and reflective processes in inquiry-based learning. RGPT provides personalized reflective prompts at each stage of inquiry to promote deep learning and strategic adjustment. The results showed that RGPT significantly improved behavioral and cognitive engagement, as well as students’ problem-solving and critical thinking skills. Moreover, students demonstrated more structured and coherent reflective processes, confirming the effectiveness of personalized prompts in supporting deep thinking. Overall, RGPT facilitates deep learning and metacognitive regulation, offering a new model and valuable contribution to AI-assisted instruction.