A review on Raman spectroscopy for carbon materials

Raman spectroscopy has emerged as a pivotal tool for characterizing carbon materials by revealing information about their bonding configurations, crystallinity, and defects. Despite extensive studies on individual carbon allotropes, a comprehensive comparative analysis of their Raman spectral characteristics remains essential to deepen understanding and optimize material performance. This paper systematically compared the Raman spectra of different carbon materials, aiming to elucidate the correlations between their structural attributes and spectral signatures. This paper aims to explore the comparative Raman spectral characteristics of various carbon materials, including 0D, 1D, 2D and 3D. By examining the distinct Raman features, this study elucidates how differences in atomic arrangement, bonding configurations, and structural disorder manifest in their spectral signatures.