Relationship-level factors influencing intimate partner violence and relationship quality among young couples in an urban informal settlement in South Africa

Couples programming is an evidence-based strategy to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV) and strengthen relationship quality. Stepping Stones Creating Futures (SSCF) is a 21-session participatory programme for young adults (18-30 years) that integrates gender equity, communication and livelihoods skills, and has been evaluated in informal settlements in eThekwini, South Africa. Zithandani SSCF is an adaptation engaging young heterosexual couples. This paper documents findings from two rounds of qualitative interviews with 15 young women and 15 young men to inform the adaptation. Formative research examined relationship dynamics and manifestations of conflict and IPV. Participants identified relationship-level factors contributing to IPV such as jealousy, inequitable gender roles and sexual relations. These factors could erode relationship quality, further shaped by time spent together, openness of communication and conflict resolution strategies. Harsh socio-economic conditions were a frequent source of relationship tension. Findings highlight the importance of addressing relationship-level risk factors for IPV and determinants of relationship quality to strengthen couples-based interventions that promote healthier, more equitable and non-violent intimate relationships.