Restitution and replication: the role of 3D technology replicas in cultural restitution practices

This paper examines the use of 3D technology in cultural restitution, specifically focusing on cases where museums return original artefacts to their countries/communities of origin while retaining exact replicas produced through a range of technologies such as photogrammetry, 3D modelling, and 3D printing. Drawing on in-depth interviews with stakeholders involved in three case studies, the research highlights diverse perspectives on the use of replicas, including their perceived advantages and challenges. The findings emphasise the critical role of collaboration between museums and communities of origin, advocating for clear guidelines to navigate issues such as ownership of 3D data files and their potential for public access. The study also underscores the broader implications of replicas in restitution practices for reshaping narratives and power dynamics, with subsequent effects on restitution negotiations. By analysing both successful and pending cases, the paper provides practical insights and theoretical reflections on the evolving role of 3D replicas in restitution processes, contributing to the growing discourse on restitution, decolonisation and technology.