Junming Zheng, Yi Chen
The spatial layout and supply of elderly care facilities (ECFs) have become key issues constraining the fairness and accessibility of elderly care services. The elderly care facilities were divided into three modes: public-owned and privately-operated (POPO) mode, government-funded and operated (GFO) mode, and privately built and operated (PBO) mode. We employ the optimal parameter-based geographical detector (OPGD) model and the multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model to analyze the influencing factors behind the spatial distribution of ECFs under various operational modes, while also applying the Gini coefficient to assess the equity of their distribution. The factors affecting the spatial distribution vary with operational modes and exhibit interactive effects. The density of ECFs and GFOs was significantly influenced by the density of the elderly population (ED) and GDP (p < 0.01). The spatial distribution of pension institutions in Fujian Province is relatively balanced (Gini index = 0.298). A well-planned combination of ECFs serves as an effective approach to rationally allocating elderly care resources. The findings reveal the mechanism through which operational modes influence spatial distribution, thereby contributing to the enhancement of health and well-being among the elderly.