Abebe Desalegn, Habtamu Admassu, Gadisa Mosissa, Gebeyehu Ayele, Molla Abeje
Fish waste is a byproduct generated during fish processing and constitutes 20–80% of the whole fish. Valorizing fish waste is crucial to minimize environmental pollution and economic losses. This review examines recent advances in fish oil extraction from fish waste using both conventional and emerging techniques. In addition, chitosan-based nanoencapsulation systems are evaluated in terms of encapsulation efficiency and oxidative protection. This review integrates extraction methods, fish oil physicochemical properties, chitosan functionality, and encapsulation performance, providing a framework for future studies on stability and functional applications of fish waste–derived oil in aquatic food systems.