Assessment of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of Saudi citizens toward expired medications

The mismanagement of expired medications poses a significant challenge to public health and the environment globally. Low public knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding their safe storage and disposal often lead to unnecessary pharmaceutical waste and potential health risks. This study assessed the KAP of Saudi citizens concerning expired medications and identified demographic factors influencing these behaviors. A cross-sectional, self-administered online survey was conducted using a convenience sample across all Saudi regions from January to August 2023. Statistical analysis, including chi-square tests and logistic regression, was performed to determine predictors of safe medication handling and disposal. Of the 602 distributed surveys, 524 valid responses were analyzed. The majority of participants were female (69%) and highly educated, with 64% holding a bachelor’s degree. While a large percentage of respondents reported checking expiration dates before use (64%), concerningly, 14% admitted to using expired medications, and 59% were unsure of their own practice. Key barriers to checking dates included forgetfulness (14%) and disinterest (10%). Education level was significantly associated with safe disposal practices (p < .05). Despite a baseline awareness of medication expiration, unsafe practices persist, particularly concerning disposal. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted, pharmacist-led public education campaigns and the development of clear national policies on pharmaceutical waste management to enhance safety and sustainability within Saudi Arabia’s healthcare system.