Clinical and hematological profiles of patients with burning mouth syndrome across international cohorts: a multicenter study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate differences among patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) in hematological parameters and clinical features, and to assess their associations with BMS symptoms. METHODS: This multicenter retrospective study included 348 patients from Brazil, Italy, Japan, and United States. Clinical and hematological characteristics were compared across populations ; logistic regression assessed associations with severe symptoms. RESULTS: The cohort comprised 181 Asians (52.0%), 130 Whites (37.4%), 22 Hispanics (6.3%), and 15 Blacks (4.3%), with significant differences in age, occupations and social history. Most hematological parameters were not associated with symptom severity; psychotropic medication use was the only factor significantly associated with severe symptoms in both Whites (p < .0001) and Asians (p = .0098). CONCLUSION: BMS exhibits population-related variability in hematological and clinical profiles. Psychological factorsmay be associated with symptom severity, whereas hematological parameters were not, highlighting the importance of considering population-related characteristics in clinical management.