DRP-1 and circadian rhythms: deciphering their impact on PCOS.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex reproductive disorder that impacts metabolic, endocrine, and circadian functions. Disruption in circadian rhythm can trigger PCOS due to an elevation in oxidative and inflammatory markers. Studies reveal that the increase in oxidative damage can occur due to defects in mitochondrial dynamics, through Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP-1), in the development of PCOS. However, the mechanism of pathogenesis of PCOS through circadian rhythm and mitochondrial dynamics remains unclear. DRP-1 is a crucial regulator of mitochondrial fission, influencing ovarian physiology and steroidogenesis, contributing to hormonal imbalances in PCOS. Additionally, DRP-1 plays a role in the hypothalamus, where it links mitochondrial dynamics to circadian rhythms, suggesting a potential connection between circadian disruptions and PCOS symptoms. This review explores the function of DRP-1 in ovarian steroidogenesis and hypothalamic pathways, examining its contribution to PCOS-related complications. Understanding the effects of DRP-1 on mitochondrial function and circadian rhythm could contribute to potential therapeutic targets focused on mitochondrial health and circadian regulation in PCOS.