Predictors of resilience in adults with chronic disease: Differences by gender.

We aimed to identify significant predictors of resilience among middle-aged and older women and men with chronic diseases who live in the community. A cross-sectional study was employed. Three hundred and twenty-two men and 404 women with chronic disease were enrolled as participants. Overall, level of education, being employed, and exercising regularly were all positively associated with level of resilience. Religiosity and not taking regularly prescribed medications were both associated with resilience in women only. The significant gender-dependent predictors of resilience identified in this study included educational level and religiosity (women) and self-perceived spiritual health (men).