"Validation and reliability of the iranian Cancer Stigma Scale among a non-patient population".

OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND: Cancer-related stigma adversely affects both cancer patients and the general population, who are at potential risk of cancer. Although cancer stigma has been studied in various settings, few studies have specifically focused on non-patient populations. In Iran, no reliable tool currently exists to assess cancer stigma, and research examining this issue among the Iranian population remains limited. This study aims to validate the Persian version of the Cancer Stigma Scale (CASS) for use among individuals in Iran with no history of cancer. METHOD: This research employed a methodological approach. Sampling was purposeful and field-based, with 250 individuals aged 15-70, without a history of cancer, attending comprehensive health centers in Arak, Iran, participating in the study. Validity assessments included face validity, content validity, and construct validity, while reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS: The CASS questionnaire comprised six factors: Severity, Personal Responsibility, Awkwardness, Avoidance, Financial Discrimination, and Policy Opposition. Through confirmatory factor analysis, a final model of six factors and 20 questions emerged, demonstrating a good fit. The tool achieved a content validity index (CVI) of 0.975 and a content validity ratio (CVR) exceeding 0.70. Reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89. CONCLUSION: The Persian version of the CASS exhibits robust validity and reliability, making it accessible, affordable, and user-friendly. To date, ICASS is the only validated tool that assesses cancer stigma among the general population in Iran.