Advanced wound dressings embedded with green copper oxide nanoparticles from Inula viscosa: Formulation and in vitro functional performance.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to develop a novel biogenic nano-formulation of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) using the Moroccan medicinal plant Inula viscosa to address critical challenges in wound care, specifically infection risks and coagulation disorders. SIGNIFICANCE: By utilizing bioactive plant compounds as natural capping agents, this research provides an eco-friendly, multitargeted processing technology that transforms simple nanostructures into high-performance, biocompatible topical delivery systems for advanced pharmaceutical wound dressings. METHODS: CuO-NPs were biosynthesized and characterized using UV-Visible, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. Biological characterization involved in vitro testing of anticoagulant activity, tissue regeneration potential through fibroblast proliferation (MTT assay), and hemocompatibility (Hemolysis rates). Finally, the CuO-NPs were incorporated in situ into polymeric dressings to assess antimicrobial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. RESULTS: Analytical characterization confirmed the successful fabrication and distinct structural integrity of the biosynthesized CuO-NPs. In vitro assays demonstrated significant anticoagulant properties, specifically modulating the intrinsic coagulation pathway. The MTT assay showed that the nano-formulation significantly accelerated fibroblast proliferation. Furthermore, hemocompatibility trials validated the material's safety yielding low hemolysis rates at low concentrations. Crucially, the engineered in situ wound dressings displayed potent, controlled antibacterial action, particularly against Gram-negative pathogens, matching positive controls. CONCLUSIONS: The developed CuO-NPs from Inula viscosa represent a sustainable, multifunctional biomaterial. Combining innovative processing with robust in vitro biological validation, this advanced formulation offers a viable technological alternative to conventional wound healing therapeutics.