Network analysis of port clusters in the context of regional coordinated development: a case study of the Bohai Bay port cluster

The evolution of internal coordination and efficiency improvement in port clusters are critical to their integrated development, significantly enhancing both competitiveness and regional economic synergy. This study applies data envelopment analysis (DEA) and social network analysis (SNA) to analyze the efficiency and internal dynamics of ports and hinterland in the Bohai Bay port cluster. The results are summarized below. First, the efficiencies of a port and its hinterlands are correlated. The regional coordinated development strategy strengthens the relationships between ports and economic hinterlands. Second, the clear trickle-down economic effect is evident among the nodes in the port cluster. Third, each block of the port cluster serves a distinct purpose, with inter-block linkages progressively shifting from internal to external orientations. The results may contribute empirical insights to port cluster efficiency optimization and policy formulation, vital for sustainable operations and economic growth.