Moral leadership development in Indonesian Islamic boarding schools: a comparative study of two <i>pesantren</i>

This study examines the development of moral leadership capabilities in Indonesian Islamic boarding schools (pesantren), exploring how these traditional educational institutions integrate Islamic values with contemporary leadership approaches. Using a qualitative comparative case study of two prominent pesantrens in Madura Island, data collected through observations, interviews, and document analysis reveal six primary leadership capabilities cultivated: self-reliance, resilience, discipline, communication, decision-making, and time management. The findings indicate that pesantren employ three main pedagogical approaches – experience-based learning, mentoring, and direct training – while emphasising moral dimensions of leadership rooted in Islamic principles. Despite facing challenges including resource limitations and balancing traditional values with contemporary needs, these institutions effectively develop value-based leadership.