Recent advances in multicomponent synthesis of functionalized thiazole derivatives: a critical review

Thiazole derivatives are a significant group of heterocyclic compounds known for their wide range of biological activities and extensive uses in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and material science. Multicomponent synthetic methods have become powerful tools for the rapid and efficient synthesis of functionalized thiazole derivatives, offering advantages such as operational simplicity, high atom economy, and structural diversity in a single reaction step. This review provides a thorough analysis of one-pot synthetic methodologies reported in the literature from 2014 to 2025 for thiazole derivatives, with a focus on catalytic systems and reaction mechanisms. Furthermore, the review discusses prospects for developing greener, more sustainable, and versatile synthetic protocols to enhance the utility of thiazole derivatives in drug discovery and material innovation. The relevance of this review lies in providing researchers with an in-depth and critical analysis of existing methodologies, thereby enabling them to devise efficient and environmentally friendly approaches to synthesize functionalized thiazole derivatives.