The AFRGDB_V3.1 updated gravity database for Africa implementing Moho information

Africa suffers from sparse gravity data coverage, limiting geodetic and geophysical applications. This study investigates the integration of Moho information to improve gravity anomaly estimation across large African data gaps. Using the window remove-restore technique, gravity values were estimated with both constant and variable crust-mantle density contrasts. The resulting AFRGDB_V3.1 (5′×5′) gravity database was generated through unequal-weight least-squares interpolation with optimized weighting of data sources. Accuracy assessment and comparison with previous African gravity databases demonstrate that incorporating Moho information significantly improves gravity anomaly estimation and provides a more reliable gravity database for geodetic and geophysical applications across Africa.