Exercise and Endothelial Function: Insights from a Redox Perspective.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to synthesize the evidence linking exercise, redox regulation, and endothelial function. It considers the effects of different modes of regular exercise, acute exercise, and exercise combined with antioxidant interventions. The review places particular emphasis on the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying the effects of these approaches on oxidative stress and endothelial function. RECENT FINDINGS: Disrupted redox homeostasis is increasingly recognized as an important driver of endothelial dysfunction and subsequent cardiovascular disease progression. Exercise training may counteract this imbalance by strengthening endogenous antioxidant defenses, limiting oxidative stress, and restoring endothelial redox homeostasis. Current evidence indicates that exercise helps preserve and enhance endothelial function by regulating redox homeostasis. A deeper understanding of exercise-redox interactions may inform strategies for preventing and managing cardiovascular diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction.