Computational fluid dynamics investigation of evaporation modeling and microclimate cooling effects of urban water bodies

This study explores the role of urban water bodies in enhancing microclimatic conditions on a university campus, specifically through their cooling effects on air temperature, humidity, and thermal comfort. While previous studies have investigated urban water bodies, they often lack clear theoretical discussions on simulation methodologies, fail to compare simulation results with observational data, and have not systematically quantified the impacts of water bodies on the surrounding wind, heat, and moisture environment. This research aims to address these gaps by providing a comprehensive analysis of their microclimatic effects. Leveraging computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and field measurements, the research first provides a comprehensive comparison of various mass transfer equations for modeling water body evaporation, a process critical for accurate microclimate predictions. This study also emphasizes empirical validation, cross-referencing simulation results with data from wind tunnel experiments and field measurements. The methodology encompasses analyzing key environmental variables, including wind speed, air temperature, relative humidity, and the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), between campus areas with and without water bodies. The dual-validation process strengthens the reliability of CFD simulations, offering insights into the cooling potential of water bodies under realistic conditions. Results highlight the accuracy of different mass transfer equations, validating their applicability for urban water body evaporation and demonstrating how water bodies can alleviate heat stress, improve pedestrian comfort, and contribute to sustainable urban design. This study underscores the value of integrating CFD models with empirical data, providing actionable insights for urban planners and contributing to urban climate modification strategies.