Exertional Heat Illness in Active Populations

AbstractExertional heat illness (EHI) is a leading yet preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in active populations. EHI develops when the body's integrated thermoregulatory responses, including cardiovascular adjustments and evaporative cooling, are unable to dissipate the combined burden of metabolic heat production, environmental heat stress, clothing or protective equipment, and other contributing factors. This review examines the physiological mechanisms that underlie EHI and the effects of heat stress on the exercising heart. We also summarize best practices for the prevention, recognition, and management of exertional heat illness.