Climate Protection and Climate Change Adaptation in Residential and Nursing Homes: Perspectives and Fields of Action from Expert Interviews.

BACKGROUND: Climate change is increasingly affecting the health of vulnerable population groups, particularly older adults living in residential and nursing homes. Heat, extreme weather events, air pollution, altered allergen exposure and other climate-related factors increase the risk of dehydration, cardiovascular diseases, infections, psychological strain and social isolation. At the same time, the health sector itself is a significant emitter of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and is particularly vulnerable due to demographic changes and rising care needs. METHODS: Interviews with experts from residential and nursing homes were conducted and analysed regarding their content. The aim was to identify fields of action at the interface of climate protection and health promotion, to analyse synergies between environmental and health objectives, and to derive practice-oriented recommendations. RESULTS: The interviews show that residential and nursing homes have gained initial experience with climate protection and climate change adaptation, for example through energy-efficient measures, sustainable dietary practices, ecological cleaning agents and climate-control devices. Future challenges include limited financial resources, shortages of skilled staff, high workload, insufficient medical care, as well as the implementation of waste reduction, reusable systems and digital solutions. Structural adaptations such as sun protection, cooling, greening and heat emergency plans are considered essential for the well-being of residents and the relief of staff. Health professionals, particularly nurses, therapists and dieticians, play a key role as multipliers by raising awareness, supporting residents and implementing strategies in everyday practice. CONCLUSIONS: Integrated climate and health management in residential and nursing homes can reduce exposure to climate-related risks, promote the health of residents and staff, and decrease the CO₂ footprint. Prioritised, strategically anchored measures, continuous monitoring and targeted training strengthen resilience and equity of opportunity. Residential and nursing homes can thus serve as a central lever for realising synergies between climate protection, health promotion and social responsibility.