Hybrid 3D-Printed Manikin for Lung Isolation Training of Anesthesia Residents: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate if an anatomically accurate 3-dimensional (3D)-printed hybrid manikin improves procedural skill acquisition and retention for 1-lung ventilation (OLV) among anesthesia residents compared to a standard manikin. DESIGN: Single-center, open-label randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Tertiary university medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-nine anesthesia residents with at least 1 month of experience (excluding those on thoracic rotations). INTERVENTIONS: Following a 60-minute workshop, participants were randomized to train on either a standard airway trainer (control) or a hybrid model featuring a 3D-printed, anatomically realistic lower airway (study group). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Skills were assessed at baseline, post-workshop, and at 2 weeks, 2 months, and 6 months. The primary outcome was time to successful double-lumen tube (DLT) placement. Secondary outcomes included bronchoscopy global rating scores (GRS), bronchial blocker success, and time to identify the right upper lobe bronchus. Immediately postworkshop, the hybrid group was significantly faster at DLT placement (median 31 v 65 seconds; p = 0.002). At 2 months, the hybrid group maintained superior performance with higher DLT success rates (100% v 13%; p < 0.001) and better median GRS (12 v 10; p = 0.01). By 6 months, however, no significant differences remained between groups. CONCLUSION: Training with a cost-effective, 3D-printed hybrid manikin enhances the acquisition and short-term durability of complex lung isolation skills. The convergence of scores by 6 months highlights significant procedural skill decay, emphasizing the need for regular refresher training.