Therapeutic drug monitoring with non-anti-TNF advanced therapies in inflammatory bowel disease: current and evolving paradigms.

Inflammatory bowel diseases, encompassing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The recent expansion in advanced therapy options has not dramatically altered the ceiling of treatment efficacy. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of the serum drug levels and anti-drug antibodies has the potential to optimise treatment efficacy through dose adjustment. TDM has shown benefit with purine analogues and anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapy. Less is known about the role of TDM in non-anti-TNF advanced therapies. This review summarises the current evidence base for TDM in non-anti-TNF advanced therapies.