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◆ Astronomy and Astrophysics2026-07-31· Physics

VAPOLA - A multiyear, multiband polarization survey of AGNs and at millimeter wavelengths with ALMA. I. Survey overview and science-ready archival products

Alejandro Mus, C. Goddi, Douglas Carlos, V. Galluzzi, Ezequiel Albentosa-Ruíz, Ivan Martí-Vidal, H. Messias, Kazi L. J. Rygl, Geoffrey B. Crew, Lynn D. Matthews, Elisabetta Liuzzo, Nicola Marchili, Raphael P. Rolim, Mariafelicia De Laurentis, Rocco Lico, Cristiano Urban

原始摘要(英文原文)· Original abstract
The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is the most sensitive interferometric array at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. Through the ALMA Phasing System (APS), it can participate in global very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) arrays, significantly enhancing their sensitivity and resolution. However, processing and analyzing the ALMA data obtained in APS mode during VLBI observations remains a complex task, requiring specialized expertise and time-consuming calibration and imaging procedures. In this paper, we present ``VAPOLA''—the first online, multi-epoch, multiband repository of high-level data products from ALMA observations of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and Sgr A* during global VLBI campaigns. VAPOLA is built around an automated pipeline that processes fully calibrated ALMA data from the quality assurance level 2 (QA2) process and generates science-ready products with minimal user intervention. The repository includes fully calibrated interferometric visibilities, full-Stokes images across individual and combined spectral windows, polarimetric and spectral index maps, and tabulated polarimetric parameters from visibility-domain polarization fitting. By offering ready-to-use data through a user-friendly web portal, VAPOLA enables nonexpert users to perform advanced science analyses without needing an in-depth knowledge of ALMA polarization calibration and imaging procedures. This resource facilitates a broad range of scientific investigations, including the characterization of magnetic field properties in accretion flows and relativistic jets, the structure and kinematics of dusty and molecular tori in AGNs, and absorption studies of the interstellar medium toward the Galactic center. In addition, the dataset provides source-integrated parameters and calibration metadata essential for refining VLBI calibration and imaging workflows as well as for placing robust observational constraints on theoretical models of supermassive black holes and their environments.
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VAPOLA - A multiyear, multiband polarization survey of AGNs and at millimeter wavelengths with ALMA. I. Survey overview and science-ready archival products — 科研速览 Science Skim