Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Containing Hexachlorostannate Based on Pyridine-Substituted Formazan as an Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

The pursuit of alternative anode materials capable of providing higher energy density in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) represents a crucial challenge for both industrial and academic sectors. Tin-based anodes have drawn considerable interest because of their commercial abundance and high theoretical capacities. However, their widespread acceptance is hindered by prominent volume expansion and consequent structural degradation during cycling in liquid-electrolyte LIBs. Organic-inorganic hybrids are an important class of functional materials, as they combine the characteristics of inorganic and organic parts and lead to new properties through their cooperative interactions. In this context, this study presents the incorporation of hexachlorostannate based on formazan, [LH]2[SnCl6] (1), where L is 1,5-diphenyl-3-(4-pyridyl)formazan, as a potential anode material for LIBs, which have been developed by the room temperature reaction of SnCl4 with formazan ligand in the presence of HCl. The molecular structure of complex 1 was obtained using single-crystal XRD and further characterized using various techniques. The electrochemical results of the synthesized organic-inorganic hybrid showed a reversible redox behavior for Li+ ion battery, revealing a specific capacity of 145.5 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at 50 mA g-1. This work provides a new foundation for exploring the electrochemical potential of formazan-based organic-inorganic hybrid ionic systems.