Coupling of electrospinning and photo-induced processes for advanced nanofibrous polymeric materials: current state-of-the-art and future perspectives

photopolymerization during fiber formation and post-spinning photo-induced crosslinking or grafting are discussed, with emphasis on the underlying chemistries, including free-radical (meth)acrylate systems, thiol-ene click reactions, photocycloaddition-based processes, and cationic photopolymerization. Representative examples spanning low-molecular-weight precursors, macromers, polymers, and hybrid organic-inorganic systems are critically analyzed to highlight structure-property-function relationships and processing-reactivity interplay. Beyond summarizing recent advances, this review outlines key challenges and future perspectives, including reaction-jet coupling, scalability, sustainability, and the development of dynamic and multifunctional fibrous systems. By framing electrospinning as a reactive manufacturing platform enabled by photochemistry, this work aims to guide future research toward the rational design and translation of next-generation nanofibrous materials for biomedical, environmental, energy, and smart-material applications.