Engineering porous organic polymers for enhanced CO ₂ capture: from synthesis to implementation

capacity, selectivity, and regeneration kinetics. We further assess the performance of POPs under realistic conditions, analysing the critical impact of humidity, co-adsorbates, and long-term cycling on their practical viability. The economic and environmental prospects of POP-based capture are evaluated through techno-economic assessments. Finally, we highlight emerging trends of multi-functional POPs, and outline a roadmap for future research. The review concludes that while challenges in scalability and cost remain, POPs hold immense promise as next-generation adsorbents, with the potential to play a pivotal role in achieving a sustainable and net-zero future.