Lavisha Jangid, Keka Ojha, Ajay Mandal
for carbonate using Hexamine GS. Excessive surfactant adsorption during flooding causes chemical loss, but controlled surface adsorption is necessary for wettability alteration, as it facilitates a shift from oil-wet to water-wet conditions, thereby enhancing oil recovery. In this study, wettability alteration was investigated by measuring contact angles. Hexamine GS reduced contact angles by approximately 81% within a few minutes, accompanied by an efficient transition from an oil-wet to a water-wet state. Overall, the findings provide model-supported insight into spacer-length-dependent adsorption behaviour and highlight the potential of these bio-derived Gemini surfactants to minimise surfactant loss and improve wettability control in chemical EOR applications.