Development of new pyrazole–thiophene hybrids: synthesis, anticancer assessment, and molecular docking insights

assessment of the pharmacokinetic profile using the SwissADME program showed that compounds 9a and 9b appeared as the most promising nominees within the series, demonstrating proper solubility, lower lipophilicity, and, for compound 9a, high GI absorption. This study presents noteworthy ADME challenges for the series, particularly regarding their solubility and permeability, leading to the need for more synthetic efforts towards more metabolically stable and bioavailable analogues. These findings suggest that pyrazole-thiophene hybrids represent promising scaffolds for the further development of potent anticancer agents.