Chiara Di Berardino, Liliana Liverani, Aldo R. Boccaccini, Camila Cecilia Rojo-Fleming, Gianna Sacchetti, Alessia Peserico, Chiara Camerano Spelta Rapini, Giulia Capacchietti, Barbara Barboni
applications of gel-like hydrogels, decellularized extracellular matrix-derived scaffolds, electrospun fibrous constructs and 3D-printed architectures. Natural and ECM-based materials provide tissue-specific biological cues but are limited by variability and mechanical instability, whereas synthetic scaffolds, particularly electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone), offer superior control over architecture, reproducibility and scalability, supporting follicle survival across multiple mammalian models. Overall, hybrid biomaterial strategies integrating biological activity with engineered scaffold tunability emerge as the most promising platforms for artificial ovary development, while standardization and translational validation remain key challenges.