Oxazole- and isoxazole-containing derivatives of high importance in the development of new drugs: natural sources, biogenesis, molecular targets and domino protocols.

Covering: 2015 to 2026The structural diversity of oxazole- and isoxazole-containing natural products includes both linear and macrocyclic structures. These N,O-heterocycles are produced by a range of organisms, e.g. bacteria, fungi, marine sponges, and plants. The synthesis of oxazoles and isoxazoles via cascade synthetic methods can provide natural product mimics. To better understand the role of the oxazole and isoxazole moieties in drug development from the perspective of the molecular mechanism of action, selected binding modes to molecular targets are discussed and their full list is provided. Although isoxazole- and oxazole-containing natural products are biologically attractive, modifications of their scaffolds are required in many cases to release their full biological potential. The bibliography of the review covers mainly works published in the years from 2015 to 2026.