◆ Energy & Environmental Science2026-01-01· Sodium
Active sodium loss in practical anode-free sodium batteries: mechanisms, challenges, and strategies
Saisai Qiu, Haolin Zhu, Shijie Cheng, Jia Xie
原始摘要（英文原文）· Original abstract
Active sodium loss limits anode-free sodium batteries through sparse nucleation, fragile SEI reconstruction, and Na-deficit feedback. Coordinated control of nucleation, interphase, Na inventory, and operating conditions enables practical AFSBs.