Binary-solvent engineering of Cu-based MOF derived nanoporous carbon within anti-swelling hydrogels for ultrasensitive electrochemical sensing.

An anti-swelling inorganic-organic composite hydrogel with copper-doped nanoporous carbon eliminates catalyst leakage and enables fast mass transport. For TBHQ sensing, it offers a 0.33 nmol L-1 detection limit and 96.64% current retention after 49 days for portable monitoring.