Seconds-scale synthesis of heteroatom-doped nickel oxides via non-equilibrium flash Joule heating for coupled biomass valorization and zinc-air batteries.

Seconds-scale flash Joule heating, enabled by a dual-nickel-source strategy, directly synthesizes Co-doped nickel oxide on nickel foam. The catalyst drives ethanol oxidation 300 mV below oxygen evolution through accelerated NiOOH reconstruction, enabling integrated biomass valorization and rechargeable Zn-air batteries.