Operando insights into fast-charging graphite with suppressed lithium plating enabled by a phosphorus-rich interphase.

A one-step aqueous phytic acid modification promotes a phosphorus-rich interphase on natural graphite. Operando EIS and Raman indicate improved interfacial kinetics associated with this interphase, while operando EPR suggests reduced dead lithium accumulation, consistent with the enhanced cycling stability and high-rate lithiation performance of graphite.