Crosslinking-driven reconfiguration of oxygen-assisted hard carbon for enhanced low-temperature sodium-ion storage.

In this work, pre-oxidation tailors the microstructure of hard carbon, providing active sites to promote reaction kinetics and induce stable SEI formation. Such hard carbon enables sodium-ion batteries with excellent specific capacity (364 mAh g-1) and low-temperature performance (275 mAh g-1 at 0 °C after 100 cycles).