Direct ink deposition engineering of reservoir-shaped TiO2 microarrays: interfacial electric field modulation for efficient plastic-to-hydrogen conversion.

Lithography-free direct ink deposition constructs reservoir-shaped TiO2 arrays on FTO with lateral built-in electric fields that extract electrons and suppress recombination. The Pt-decorated arrays achieve 2951.3 µmol g-1 h-1 H2 evolution during PLA reforming.